Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different calcium chloride concentrations on the post-harvest conservation of jabuticaba variety Pingo de Mel at different storage temperatures. The fruit were collected 30 days after the anthesis and subjected to immersions in calcium chloride solution at different concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then, the fruit were dried and packed in polypropylene bags and incubated in a chamber at different temperatures (6 °C, 12 °C, and 25 °C). Samples were analyzed at time 0 and every two days, up to 12 days of storage. No effect of different calcium chloride concentrations was observed in the fruit characteristics at different storage temperatures over time. During storage, an increase of soluble and total pectin contents, antioxidant activity, CO2, total sugars, acidity, and weight loss was observed. Higher storage temperatures affected both the increase in weight loss, pH, and O2 production and the reduction of vitamin C content. Refrigeration was important for the post-harvest conservation of jabuticaba variety Pingo de Mel , once the fruit stored at 6 °C suffered minor variations with improvements or little changes during the 12 days.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of freezing and atomization on bioactive compounds in cagaita fruit. The levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, condensed tannins, vitamin C, β-carotene, the antioxidant potential assessed by DPPH and ABTS, sugar profile, and mineral profile were all evaluated. High levels of total polyphenols (881.95 mg/100 g), total flavonoids (42.93 mg/100 g) and condensed tannins (67.00 mg/100 g) were detected in atomized cagaita pulp. A higher content of vitamin C was found in fresh cagaita pulp (29.75 mg/100 g), compared to frozen pulp, or atomized pulp, which had levels of 24.64 mg/100 g and 20.38 mg/100 g, respectively. Atomized pulp had the highest antioxidant activity as assessed using the ABTS method (517.04 µmol Trolox/g), compared with frozen pulp (357.73 µmol Trolox/g) and fresh cagaita pulp (276.07 µmol Trolox/g). The drying method demonstrated the best performance with respect to fruit preservation.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical changes and the antioxidant potential of caja-manga (Spondias mombin L.) fruit during its physiological development. The cycle comprised a period of 260 days after anthesis (DAA), set when the fruits were yellow-orange colored and easily detached from the pads. The results showed that the fruits had simple sigmoid type of growth pattern, with significant increase in mass, and longitudinal and transverse diameters up to 220 DAA. A decrease in total pectins and an increase in soluble pectins, lower acidity and chlorophyll levels, and masking of carotenoids exposure was observed, leading to color changes and softening in fruit. Significant changes were observed from 200 to 220 DAA, which may be the period that fruit has reached its maturity, emphasizing phenolic, vitamin C and antioxidant activity.

Abstract Development of new food products, taking as raw material the subproducts obtained during industrial process become an economic and nutritious alternative, since these are usually discarded, caning be a significant nutritional source good. This research aimed to develop cheese bread using fermented broken rice instead of sour starch in four different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). After the development of formulations, was performed physics and chemicals characterization of products obtained, performing analysis of: proximate composition, dietary fiber, acidity, pH, ºBrix, total soluble sugars, reducing and sucrose. The increased formulations didn’t present significant differences, highlighting the average values of protein 7%, dietary fiber 9% and ash 1.9%. Broken rice, after fermentation process, becomes a profitable alternative instead of the sour starch on cheese breads, saving all the physical and chemical characteristics and being inexpensive.

Abstract Maroleiro (Annona crassiflora Mart), belonging to the family of Annonaceae is a typical specie of the Cerrado and has occurred in most states. For fruit characteristics “sui generis”, with significant nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the marolo (Anonna crasiflora Mart) during fruit development, through the evaluation of its proximal and mineral composition. The fruits 2012/2013 season, were picked to 12Km from the city of Itumirim, southern Minas Gerais, in intervals of 20 days from anthesis to maturity, and the first fruits were harvested 60 days after anthesis. The flowering marolo began in late September 2012, with fruiting initially observed at the end of October, with peak production at the end of February and beginning of March 2013 The fruits were harvested in the morning and carried to the laboratory, where followed up the moisture, ether extract, protein, ash, fiber and high sugar fraction beyond mineral quantification of them. During development reductions in moisture content and protein increments of ether extract, crude fiber and high sugar fraction and an oscillation in the mineral along the developmental stages was observed.

Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize promising fruit crops and to explore opportunities for the sustainable and commercial use of flours obtained from fruits as an ingredient in snack bars. The fruit selected was Jeriva, which grow from north to eastern Brazil, and can be found in the Savanna biome. The fruit flour was obtained from dehydrated pulps and the proximate composition, dietary fiber, vitamin C, % scavenging free radicals, mineral composition, pH, ºBrix, titratable acidity and sensory analysis were determined. The flour was incorporated into the formulation by partial substitution of the standard ingredients of snack bars. The presence of increasing amounts (up to 20%) of Jeriva fruit flour resulted in sensory accepted snack bars, with 7.02 average in the scores evaluated, without significant differences among the formulations and significantly increased the protein at 7.12%, vitamin C 40.81 mg.g-1 and fiber contentes showed values at 6.66% for dietary fiber. Moreover, the results of free radical scavenging confirmed the greater antioxidant activity proportional to the increment of flour. Therefore, Jeriva fruit flour could be an alternative sensorily acceptable, for obtaining of snack bars.

Abstract A challenge to the food sector has been the development of new products incorporating co-products from the food processing industry with minimal impact on their pre-determined structures and adding nutritional quality. In order to add value and develop alternatives for the use of co-products generated during the agroindustrial processing, this work aimed to study the stability of gluten-free sweet biscuits developed with soybean okara, rice bran and broken rice. The formulations were elaborated with increasing percentages of these ingredients and compared with the standard (commercial sweet biscuit) for ten months. The analyses were: weight, diameters (internal and external), thickness, specific volume, instrumental parameters of color, texture, scanning electron microscopy, water activity, proximal composition and isoflavones. The experimental sweet biscuits had characteristics of color, weight, volume and diameters (internal and external) very similar to the commercial, whereas texture, lipids and energy value decreased, and aw, moisture and protein increased during storage. The sweet biscuits showed the same stability when compared to the standard, and the

Abstract The marolo (Annona crassiflora Mart.) and jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham Glassm) fruits grow in the Cerrado biome, and have important sensory and nutritional characteristics. These fruits are eaten fresh or processed and embedded in ice cream, candy, juices, and liquors. However, their use is very limited and is localized exclusively to their native region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of these fruits in food consumer products to improve the nutritional patterns of consumers and extend knowledge thereof. To do this, different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of flour derived from the marolo and jerivá fruits were incorporated into food bars, which were then characterized in terms of their physical of the texture (TPA), porosity, color and sensorial properties. The food bars enriched with marolo and jerivá flours had an intense yellow color and increased hardness relative to the control bars; the porosity of the bars progressively decreased as the amount of flour added increased. The sensorial analysis in the snack bars developed added with the fruits flour no was influence by incorporation this component, showed good averages for the scores evaluated.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal temperature for storing gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia pubescens) without affecting compounds' quality. The fruits were stored at different temperatures (0 ºC, 6 ºC, 12 ºC, and 20 ºC) and the effect on the pH, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin C, and antioxidant components such as tannins and total phenolic compounds was evaluated. It was observed an increase in the pH and total titratable acidity during storage at all the temperatures tested. Gabiroba fruits were stored for 9 and 3 days at 12 ºC and 20 ºC, respectively, and under both temperatures they showed a reduction in tannins and an increase in vitamin C content. As gabirobas armazenadas a 0º and 6 ºC alcançaram maior tempo de armazenamento After 12 days of storage, the fruits stored at 6 ºC contained higher amounts of water soluble solids, sugars, and antioxidants. In general, for long term storage, it is suggested to store gabiroba fruits at 6 ºC. On the other hand, for short term storage, the temperature of 12 ºC would be the better to keep high levels of vitamin C and phenolic compounds.

The objectives of this study was the physical, chemical, and physiological characterization of marolo (Annona crassiflora, Mart.) during its development. The fruits were harvested 12 Km off Itumirim, Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, at 20-d intervals from anthesis to fruit maturity. The first fruits were harvested within 60 days. The total development of the fruit took 140 days starting from anthesis. At 140 days after anthesis, the fruit reached its maximum size, with mass of 1.380g, transverse diameter of 13.0 cm, and longitudinal diameter of 11.5 cm. During its development, the fruit showed increase in mass and in traverse and longitudinal diameters. The changes during maturation and ripening, such as: pH reduction and starch degradation, pectic solubilization, and increase in total sugars, soluble solids (ºB), respiratory rate (CO2), titratable acidity, vitamin C, and β-caroteno were observed from the 120th day of marolo development. A decrease in ability to sequester free radicals was observed up the 120th day, followed by an increase. The volatile compounds identified at the end of the development included the esters group only.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização dos frutos do cerrado, por meio de análises físicas e químicas. Os resultados obtidos, a partir da casca de araçá, polpa de araçá e polpa do marolo foram: umidade (77,03; 80,41; e 70,56 g.100 g-1), cinzas (0,65; 0,44; e 0,54 g.100 g-1), proteína (1,39; 1,87; e 1,99 g.100 g-1), lipídios (0,32; 0,33; e 2,36 g.100 g-1), carboidratos totais (90,88; 78,25; e 24,55 g.100 g-1), açúcares solúveis totais (8,45; 9,99; e 127,4 g.100 g-1), pH (3,76; 3,99; e 4,49), sólidos solúveis (11 ° Brix; 8,8 °Brix; e 21,4 °Brix) e potencial antioxidante (16,33; 12,75; e 34,29 descoloração DPPH/100 mL). O mineral predominante no araçá foi o cálcio (490 mg.kg-1 casca e 485 mg.kg-1 de polpa) e na polpa de marolo foi o magnésio (350 mg.kg-1). O ácido orgânico predominante no araçá foi o ácido cítrico (3125 μg.g-1 casca e 881,25 μg.g-1 de polpa) e no marolo foi o ácido málico (76,68 μg.g-1). Portanto, dado o seu teor de nutrientes, o consumo desses frutos do cerrado deve ser incentivado.

The objective of this work was to characterize fruits from the Brazilian savanna by means of physical and chemical analyses. The results obtained for araça peel, araça pulp and marolo pulp, respectively, were: moisture (77.03, 80.41 and 70.56 g.100 g-1), ash (0.65, 0.44 and 0.54 g.100 g-1), protein (1.39, 1.87 and 1.99 g.100 g-1), lipids (0.32, 0.33 and 2.36 g.100 g-1), total carbohydrates (90.88 , 78.25 and 24.55 g.100 g-1), total soluble sugars (8.45, 9.99 and 127.4 g.100 g-1), pH (3.76, 3.99 and 4.49), soluble solids (11° Brix, 8.8 °Brix and 21.4 °Brix) and antioxidant potential (16.33, 12.75 and 34.29 discoloration DPPH/100 mL). Calcium was the predominant mineral in araça (490 mg.kg-1 peel and 485 mg.kg-1 pulp) while magnesium was in marolo (350 mg.kg-1). Citric acid was the predominant organic acid in araça (3125 μg.g-1 peel and 881.25 μg.g-1 pulp) and Malic acid was predominant in marolo (76.68 μg.g-1). Therefore, given their nutrient contents, the consumption of these fruits from the savanna should be encouraged.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a gabiroba (Campomanesia pubescens) ao longo do seu desenvolvimento por meio de análises físicas, químicas e fisiológicas. Os frutos foram coletados a 8 km de Lavras, sul de Minas Gerais, em intervalos de 5 dias, a partir da antese até a sua maturação completa. A floração da gabiroba iniciou-se no mês de agosto e o ápice do evento foi no mês de setembro; sua frutificação inicial ocorreu no mês de setembro, sendo outubro o período ideal para coleta. O período compreendido entre a abertura da flor (antese) e o amadurecimento foi de 63 dias (9 semanas). O fruto atingiu o tamanho máximo aos 63 dias (9ª semana) após a antese, com 4,26 g, 17,39 mm e 16,03 mm, representando a sua massa, os diâmetros transversal e longitudinal, respectivamente. A gabiroba apresentou um incremento nos valores de massa, diâmetros transversal e longitudinal, valores L* e a*, vitamina C, açúcares totais, sólidos solúveis (SS) e pectina solúvel com o decorrer do desenvolvimento do fruto, seguindo um padrão sigmoidal simples. Observou-se redução na taxa respiratória e atividade de poligalacturonase entre 48 e 53 dias, além de redução na firmeza e clorofila total e oscilação do valor b* e pectina total ao longo do desenvolvimento.

The objective of this work was to characterize the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia pubescens) during its development through physical, chemical, and biochemical analyses. The fruits were harvested 8 km off the city of Lavras, south of Minas Gerais, Brazil every 5 days from anthesis until complete maturation. The flowering of the gabiroba started in August and its maximum was in September, when the early fructification occurred although October is the ideal period to harvest. The period between flowers opening (anthesis) until ripening lasted 63 days (9 weeks). The fruit reached its maximum size at 63 days (9th week) after anthesis, with 4,26 g, 17,39 mm and 16,03 mm, representing its mass and longitudinal and transversal diameters, respectively. The gabiroba fruit presented a significant increase of mass, longitudinal and transversal diameters, L* and a* values, vitamin C, total sugar, soluble solids and soluble pectin, during its development showing a simple sigmoidal behaviour. It was observed a decrease in the respiration rate and polygalacturonase activity between 48 and 53 days, as well as reduction in the firmness, total chlorophyll, and oscillation in the b* value and total pectin during the development of the fruit.